Sex and Death in A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

It’s only a brief time after sun set as Blanche Dubois walks off a train in New Orleans. She is visiting her sister, Stella, and brother by marriage, Stanley. Well she is really moving in, in light of the fact that she has lost their family’s estate, Belle Reve, and just as her activity, as a secondary school English instructor. Her significant other shoots himself after she revealed to him that he appalled her, since he was gay. Blanche is so terrified of her past that she puts forth a valiant effort to lead the life of a rich woman and gives a valiant effort to keep up appearances. She is a drunkard, however attempts to conceal it from everybody. Blanche fancies Stanley’s companion, Mitch. He equitably finds about her past and needs nothing more to do with her. At that point Blanche needs Stella to leave Stanley and go with her to leave with a rich â€Å"man† named, Step Huntleigh, who goes out to somebody she made up. Stanley assaults Blanche during the time Stella was at the emergency clinic having their child. She informs Stella regarding the assault, however she doesn't trust her. Blanche turns out to be profoundly upset, so they choose to place her in a crazy haven (Williams). Blanche Dubois is a mid-age secondary school English instructor. She is very naã ¯ve and has a favorable opinion of herself. She has turned out to be wanton since her spouses demise, which she brought about by disclosing to him that he sickened her since he is gay. She puts on the show of a lady who has never known insult, despite the fact that she has had numerous sweethearts and solid sexual inclinations. She had to leave Laurel, Mississippi in light of her undertaking with a youthful understudy. Not long after Blanche shows up in New Orleans at the Kowalski condo and in the long run uncovers that she is totally down and out. She dodges reality, wanting to live in her own creative mind. As the play advances, Blanche’s precariousness develops alongside her mishap. Stanley sees through Blanche and discovers the subtleties of her past, pulverizing her relationship with his companion Mitch. Stanley likewise devastates what’s left of Blanche by assaulting her and afterwar d having her focused on a crazy shelter (Williams). Stella Kowalski is Blanche’s more youthful sister, around a quarter century old. Stella left Laurel, Mississippi in her late adolescents and moved to New Orleans. She at that point met and wedded Stanley Kowalski, who is lower-class, yet she adores and thinks about him profoundly.

Conscription Paragraph Essay Example for Free

Induction Paragraph Essay Out on the combat zone numerous men were lost sparing families and there nation. These men are respected for being legends for what they have done and on account of there activities less men were killed, families get there relatives quicker and a few men get the opportunity to see one more day. This was all conceivable from the administration utilizing enrollment. After the administration chose to utilize enrollment this drove numerous individuals and families crazy yet they didn't see the great and the requirement for it. They utilized each volunteer that they got at this point it was insufficient and that it was important to utilize power to assemble the men expected to help battle and win the war. Because of the more officers battling the quicker then men got the opportunity to get back home to their families and with the measure of men enlisted more families and companions were spared. The men who had joined the military discovered that everything is the equivalent out in the front line and there class, riches, race, or religion we as a whole gotten equivalent when battling and securing your nation. Enrollment helped and constrained sluggish and jobless individuals to work and get paid and respected for what they are doing, which is better at that point doing nothing throughout the day. During the time spent joining the war the men were prepared and placed in to a wellness preparing to make them more beneficial and solid for and after the war. The entirety of the men who returned are currently recognized as legends and regarded for there boldness and mental fortitude. Indeed the legislature broke the guarantee about utilizing enrollment anyway the war was in support of us and families, companions, nation were totally spared and ensured simultaneously. We have grimaced on the earth and demonstrated our capacity to all the nations out there and advise them to be careful in light of the fact that we will battle and we sick win.

Enlightenment History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Edification History - Term Paper Example It is a characteristic logical inconsistency, yet an authentic one. â€Å"Man is brought into the world free, yet he is wherever in chains.† (e.g., Rousseau, â€Å"Social Contract,† Book I, Part 1) Another thought of the edification was that individuals ought to have the option to live unafraid, liberated from odd notion and visually impaired acquiescence to the forces and specialists that-be and that reality is to be found in logical truth, not in supposition or confidence. â€Å"We wish in a word to satisfy the prerequisites of nature, to achieve the predetermination of humanity, to make great the guarantees of reasoning... that France, up to this point distinguished among slave states, may obscure the brilliance of every free individuals that have existed, become the model of all nations.... That is our desire; that is our point. What sort of government can understand these wonders? Just a vote based government.... In any case, to establish and to merge among us thi s majority rules system, to understand the tranquil standard of protected laws, it is important to finish up the war of freedom against oppression and to go effectively through the tempests of revolution.† (e.g., Robespierre, â€Å"Speech,† †¦). Illumination progressives additionally accepted that distinctions are nothing contrasted with similitudes, or in the thought â€Å"such as is common† to all mankind. ... The time of Enlightenment additionally presented to us that society is organized by a general way of thinking that â€Å"we are what we buy,† or get tied up with. We should deliver and circulate so as to be feasible, and a significant number of us today characterize ourselves by our employments. As to religion, Voltaire expressed (reworded) â€Å"If God didn't exist, we'd concoct him.† â€Å"It is genuine that we don't have a clue about any too well what the spirit is: nobody has ever observed it. All that we do know is that the endless Lord of nature has given us the intensity of speculation, and of recognizing righteousness. It isn't demonstrated that this personnel endures our demise: yet the opposite isn't demonstrated either. It is conceivable, without a doubt, that God has offered thought to a molecule to which, after we are no more, He will in any case give the intensity of thought: there is no irregularity in this idea.† (e.g., Voltaire, â€Å"Universal Toleration,† †¦.) Finally, the Age of Enlightenment scholars instructed us that individuals are best left self-represented. To the greatest advantage of human rights, the nobility (the rich and ground-breaking) can't be permitted to be the main decision pattern and from this we determined our guideline convictions about vote based system. Today, the French Republic is administered by the individuals and has a chosen president and national delegates called a parliament. France was under total government (privileged) until 1789, at that point it went to a republic government, back to a government, lastly, by 1850, was a Republic once more. Did the progressives change France into an illuminated country? Indeed. Did the progressives change the country of France into an edified perspective? Faulty, best case scenario. The country despite everything pronounces itself significantly

Obesity Topics For Research Paper Writing

<h1>Obesity Topics For Research Paper Writing</h1><p>Obesity subjects for look into paper composing is an entangled point and exceptionally difficult to fathom as a first time essayist. This article is composed with the possibility that anybody can expound on any subject, regardless of what their aptitude or foundation is in the field. It additionally accept that on the off chance that somebody doesn't have involvement in the theme that they can get counsel from specialists in the field with the goal that they are happy with composing on the topic.</p><p></p><p>One of the fundamental subjects of research paper composing with regards to heftiness points for inquire about paper composing is way of life. As all of you realize stoutness is a significant issue and there are numerous variables that play into the heftiness issues. The way of life of somebody who is fat might be perhaps the greatest supporter of the issues. All variables should be mu lled over when composing the paper with the goal that it is adjusted and accurate.</p><p></p><p>The next subject of research paper composing that is fundamental for stoutness points for look into paper composing is diet. Diet has been known to be one of the greatest contributing variables to stoutness issues. Individuals who are large eat more than their partners who are of typical weight since they can't consume enough calories.</p><p></p><p>The next piece of the corpulence subjects for inquire about paper composing will be diet and exercise. Diet assumes a huge job in individuals who are large just as the individuals who are overweight and thusly, this ought to be examined inside and out. Furthermore, practice likewise assumes an enormous job in somebody who is fat as it assists with keeping the body fit as a fiddle, which thusly keeps the corpulence away.</p><p></p><p>When expounding on stoutness themes for e xamine paper composing, note that the individual should introduce a strong contention when making contentions against their own position. They additionally need to understand that realities are not generally the best contentions. While realities might be truthful, they can likewise be totally insignificant, which will make the author have a difficult when composing their exploration paper. The last piece of stoutness themes for inquire about paper composing is legitimate sustenance. This ought to be a piece of the exploration paper since ordinarily when an individual can't get thinner, they won't take the best possible sustenance course. Nourishment will help individuals who need to get more fit however need assistance in light of the fact that it is highly unlikely they can get in shape except if they take the best possible sustenance route.</p><p></p><p>As you can see, it is critical to compose weight subjects for look into paper writing in a precise and ad justed way. Measurements are significant, however they should be appropriately looked into. While there are numerous individuals who can expound on any theme they pick, a few people need help with this area.</p><p></p><p>It is essential to recall that the individuals who are composing the examination paper ought to have no issue with expounding on any subject that they decide to expound on. The main issue would be in the event that they are not happy with it, at that point they should look for the assistance of somebody who can expound on that theme. Commonly this is a certified essayist, who can write in the correct way that is expected to precisely depict the information.</p>

Why We Are the Big Game to Write a College Essay

<h1>Why We Are the Big Game to Write a College Essay</h1><p>In this piece I need to clarify why we are the major event to compose a school exposition. Numerous individuals expect that composing a school paper is hard to do. While there are surely a few people who think composing is troublesome, I believe that we are the one gathering of individuals who can really compose a splendid article on anything.</p><p></p><p>It is definitely not a troublesome errand to verify that the exposition tests come out well. In this piece I might want to talk about why you are the perfect individual to compose a school article. It's similarly as straightforward as that. Here is why.</p><p></p><p>First of all, the way that we are a gathering of individuals who are for the most part essayists is frequently not the principal factor that is viewed as with regards to picking individuals to compose for you. Our first bit of leeway is that we c an only OK and take care of business, or even better, be the scholars for your activity. With regards to picking an author for your school article, you can go to any number of individuals and meeting them, however they can decide to not be interviewed.</p><p></p><p>This is the place the incredible thing about us gets evident. The individuals who are notable scholars can get recruited on whether or not or not they have a degree or not. The individuals who are not all that notable journalists may not take care of business without an opportunity to go to class and go to classes to have the option to participate in talks or class lectures.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to being an essayist who can compose on anything, we are a gathering of individuals who are happy to go to work and get a professional education. This is another bit of leeway we have. The motivation behind why we can land any position you can be that we have just accomplished t he difficult work in reading for classes and going to lectures.</p><p></p><p>Finally, we are a gathering of individuals who are only all around great individuals. We need to get along and regard one another. This is another motivation behind why we are the correct gathering to compose a school essay.</p><p></p><p>This is the reason we are the correct gathering to compose a school exposition. The individuals who will decide to be authors or understudies don't need to stress over composing the best school paper for the activity. It's simply an issue of finding the correct gathering of individuals to compose the essay.</p>

An Example of Abstract in Research Paper

<h1>An Example of Abstract in Research Paper</h1><p>What is a case of conceptual in look into paper? Unique is otherwise called driving or as a synopsis for the primary piece of the paper. It is the essential motivation behind why the examination paper ought to be composed appropriately in light of the fact that it is the fundamental part of the entire research paper.</p><p></p><p>So, what is a case of unique in inquire about paper? A case of unique in inquire about paper comprises of a few key components like outline, theories, and aftereffects of the investigation. As the title of the paper, the theoretical is one of the most significant pieces of the exploration paper. In this way, so as to accomplish a decent outcome and to increase most extreme acknowledgment from the peruser, it is fundamental that the creator realizes how to utilize the best case of theoretical in look into paper.</p><p></p><p>An case of unique in inquire about paper isn't a simple assignment to accomplish. The aftereffect of the investigation can prompt a few inquiries. The commentator may have questions in transit the investigation was led. To comprehend the questions, it is significant that the creator obviously states what the examination included. Just when the peruser comprehends that a specific subject is identified with the primary reason for the paper, the exploration can be successful.</p><p></p><p>However, the initial phase so as to have a case of unique in investigate paper is to layout the fundamental subject of the paper. In the wake of knowing the point, it is then time to compose the meaning of the principle theme. This should be possible by looking into the principle subjects of the other research papers that were distributed recently.</p><p></p><p>Once the significant pieces of the examination are prepared, the time has come to compose the outline of the inv estigations and the outcomes. The rundown has two sections: an outline of the primary focal point of the investigation and a synopsis of the outcomes. At the point when these two sections are consolidated, the whole article becomes more clear and more organized.</p><p></p><p>Since this is the initial segment of the paper, it is significant that the perusers realize what the fundamental point of the examination is. It is additionally significant that the perusers comprehend what the techniques and the basis of the examination are. These are the most significant pieces of the exploration paper.</p><p></p><p>After knowing the principle point and the strategies, the time has come to examine the outcomes. At long last, the writers should contrast the results and other research papers and feature their own study.</p><p></p><p>Finally, as an end, a case of conceptual in look into paper ought to be composed cautiously. By doing this, the article can have an unmistakable and brief theme, clear and compact models, and succinct conclusion.</p>

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Good Essay Samples

<h1>Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Good Essay Samples </h1> <p>In a few occasions, you may think that its difficult to make on the grounds that out of insufficient capacities, and therefore an example winning grant articles would give the direction you need. Including some of the triumphant components from the example articles beneath will furnish you with the overabundance marks you should be a high-scorer on the IELTS. Understudies need to make expositions dependent on the educator's guidelines or their favored style recorded as a hard copy. They frequently get some information about what is the motivation behind the presentation in an exposition. </p> <p>Writing a grant paper may not be a simple undertaking for some understudies. Exposition composing aptitudes is an intense and tedious endeavor. SAT article graders locate a decent structure in a paper. The ideal method to discover how to locate a high Analytical Writing score is to investigate a GRE paper test, however doing as such with no direction can be overpowering. </p> <p>First and first it's imperative to be certain that you understand the exposition question completely and your paper answers each piece of the inquiry satisfactorily. That implies you can be sure of phenomenal grant paper models. An exposition must be made out of a presentation, a body, and an end. While the entire exposition is significant and many would contend that the body is effectively the most significant part of someone's paper, an ineffectively composed presentation will likely ensure that no one will peruse further. </p> <p>The first component of the paper we'll investigate is the way that it prevails with regards to recognizing and looking at the areas of the contention that identify with the undertaking. Your sections don't associate each other's importance along with the full idea of your exposition may be immense. The way wherein you plan your contention vigorously depends on the paper type. There's no perfect arrangement on the most ideal approach to create a compelling article. </p> <h2> Here's What I Know About Good Essay Samples</h2> <p>Finally, be that as it may, recall that extraordinary composing doesn't occur coincidentally. Regardless of the circumstance, composing a presentation truly is a noteworthy advance which shouldn't be excused or disregarded. The most straightforward approach to discover the kind of an article is to understand the author's perspective. At the point when you are mentioned to form an article, endeavor to find a few examples (models) o f comparable composition and figure out how to watch the art of the author. </p> <h2> Good Essay Samples: No Longer a Mystery </h2> <p>A fair influential contention will utilize the most recent information and information from confirmed sources. In addition, our English-talking authors ensure each request has unique substance and a fitting structure. It's valuable to dismantle writing to have the option to see only the way that it achieves its destinations. Indeed, even the most notable models need setting. </p> <h2> What Good Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not</h2> <p>Thus, the articulation, wed for cash seems proper, in a point, at any rate. Fortunately, there are a couple decent general guidelines to shoulder as a main priority while scanning for a decent one. You may utilize the examples as an establishment for turning out to be the manner by which to write in the fitting style. The principal thing you're probably going to need to do is to pick a point that has more than one clear side. </p> <p>In end, doubtlessly task articles keep on getting a noticeable part in tertiary training as an evaluation instrument. The issue here is that it takes such huge numbers of parts of paper to compose only a solitary course book. To benefit proficient composing administrations, you need to find a solid and trustworthy composing specialist co-op that can give you the absolute best composing administrations at serious costs. On the off chance that you are scanning for help with your exposition, at that point we give a complete composing administration given by completely qualified scholastics in your general vicinity of study.</p> <h2> Facts, Fiction and Good Essay Samples </h2> <p>You may keep on saving your factious papers for your forthcoming activity portfolio in the event that they're profoundly evaluated. It's conceivable to then work on duplicating fruitful associations between t houghts in your training papers. There are numerous influential exposition models understudies can utilize on the web. That implies you can arrange for our secondary school grant paper models without waiting be stressed over your private information. </p> <p>There are a couple of extraordinary subjects to contemplate while choosing theme for your factious paper. Despite the fact that your exposition should be about you, it should be brief. Each factious article should be founded on a point which can be discussed. Enticing articles and factious papers are incredibly like each other. </p> <p>All papers will have a specific subject that is possibly one you pick or one which is accommodated you. There's various expositions finished by them. To get a very much created and counterfeiting free exposition, all you must do is to set your buy on the web. </p> <p>Give a fascinating reality about something you're probably going to go over in your paper's body and your crowd should maintain perusing in control to find more. Whatever you decide to expound on guarantee you start by attracting the peruser right away. The subsequent sentence gives distinctive subtleties to deliver the peruser feel like he's there. </p> <p>You might want to tell on the off chance that you may adapt to examines or on the off chance that you may fit in the educational program. Briefly, there are bunch strategies it is conceivable to transform into a superior understudy improve your presentation. While being an incredible understudy is generally about evaluations, the assoc iations they engage with or group activities are the two aspects that could help an understudy get a spot in a superb school. Some of the more vulnerable understudies, who can't achieve tolerable assessment results, may drop enthusiasm for their examinations. </p>

20 Formal Essay Writing Rules: No Longer a Mystery

<h1>20 Formal Essay Writing Rules: No Longer a Mystery </h1> <h2>The Hidden Gem of 20 Formal Essay Writing Rules </h2> <p>The dynamic voice is respected to be more straightforward and clear. The past exposition type we'll visit about is the contention paper. In the event that the last portrayal represents you here is a more inside and out intelligent article plot which ought to get you where you must be to put on a firm comprehension of the best approach to make a reflection paper. In contrast with how aA enlightening essayA can be esteemed engaging, among the things which you generally need to give center around while making an official exposition is the presentation you will use. </p> <p>Essay plot for school plays a significant capacity. College of Pennsylvania is definitely not an occasional school. </p> <p>The presentation is the underlying passage of an official article and should incorporate three things. Composing a blueprint is a somewhat successful way to deal with thoroughly consider how you'll arrange and introduce the information in your exposition. Beneath you can find an example article layout structure to have a superior thought on the most ideal approach to arrange your own blueprint. You likewise need to experience the article format to learn more regarding the matter of paper structure ones your layout is finished. </p> <p>If you are not sure about the best approach to utilize a specific word, don't be produced to glance this in the word reference. Each sentence ought to acquire an unmistakable explanation. You need to ensure the language which you will utilize is formal and professional. Or maybe, you have to utilize concrete and explicit language. </p> <h2> The 20 Formal Essay Writing Rules Chronicles </h2> <p>Essays are awful to compose in the event that you don't know correctly what you're doing. They can look extremely dull now and again. It isn't so difficult to make a conventional paper. Instructions to make a conventional article. </p> <p>Now, how about we take a gander at one of a kind assortments of formal articles. You need to talk about all the huge focuses all through the exposition. Fear or no fear, it is fine to look for the exhortation of a specialist once from time to time. </p> <p>You need to make an appropriate association with your perusers that is the primary motivation behind why your language is fundamental to be thought of. It's significant for an individual to build up the appropriate composing aptitudes as an approach to impart plainly and appropriately. An official paper may be a prerequisite in some particular employment forms and could be required in some particular expert reports and correspondences. With this, designing an official article requests inside and out comprehension about the subject notwithstanding about the appropriate arrangement or substance stream that should be used to firmly assemble significant subtleties. </p> <p>Fortunately, these standards are in reality genuinely clear and easy to recollect. Association inside the composing techniques can assist you with being increasingly engaged about what to investigate first and what things to give significance and spotlight on. As is every now and again the case in English, there are a couple of special cases to the principles laid out beneath. Assurance the theme has refreshed research material, and it ought to be useful for the perusers. </p> <h2>A Secret Weapon for 20 Formal Essay Writing Rules </h2> <p>An diagram should allow you to structure your key focuses in the best conceivable request for your contention. Scholastic composing normally includes longer and increasingly expound contentions, which implies that you need more space to think of your thoughts. Longer expositions take into account numerous sections in the body, particularly every time an understudy's point is mind boggling and requests the additional room to prove her point. Have a look at those, and you are going to begin composing a useful paper in no second. </p> <p>Many individuals are slanted to encounter an insufficiency of vitality toward the evening. Some people think that its difficult to make formal pieces since they're used to imparting coolly every day. Simply empower the perusers realize the basic insights about the subject. Your perusers must know your purpose for discussing the circumstance. </p>

Analyzing the Character of The White Witch in The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe - Literature Essay Samples

When it comes to works of fiction, it is always most interesting to see where the author draws inspiration for the major characters from and what the underlying message of the story at hand. Disillusioned from faith as a child, C. S. Lewis would find himself re-embracing Christianity in his adult life, which likely played a major role in the not-so-subtle Biblical messages presented throughout The Chronicles of Narnia. Where antagonists can sometimes double as the unsung, misunderstood hero of the story, Lewis uses The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe to bring to life a villain that is evil to the core and equate her to the reality of evil and temptation. In this paper, which will focus on the character of the White Witch in Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, I will examine the general qualities and the role of her character with respect to the other characters and the author’s intent in writing her character in the way that he did and how I think it could have been improved. The White Witch’s role as the primary antagonist of the story divulges her as one of the most blatantly evil, unremorseful villains of any work of fiction. Upon the introduction of her character by Tumnus in chapter two, there are many things that the reader can assume about the essence of her character simply due to the facts given or the lack thereof. First, the fact that she is addressed as the White Witch and never referred to by a real name sets her apart from the rest of the characters and says a lot about her character before the reader even learns more about her. It holds a negative connotation already as white is in reference to the pale, ghostliness of her skin and the white snow of the endless winter that she caused. Witch clearly refers to the powers she possesses but as opposed to a good witch, she uses her powers for bad. With his identification of her as the reason why it is â€Å"always winter and never Christmas,† she can be quickly recognized as a male volent person, a cold, power-hungry woman whose identity centers around her position of power and using her magic abilities for evil. His surprise at how innocent and nice Lucy is is a testament to the way that the White Witch has brainwashed the Narnians into thinking that humans are the enemy. And when he reveals that it is his job to report all humans back to her, it shows the lengths she has gone to in order to prevent any potential threats to her throne from allowing the prophecy that tells of her overthrow to come to fruition, something a good, fair ruler would not have to place such an emphasis on. But what gives the reader the most insight into the Witch’s nature is Mr. Tumnus’ fear that she will: †¦have my tail cut off and my horns sawn off, and my beard plucked out, and shell wave her wand over my beautiful clove hoofs and turn them into horrid solid hoofs like wretched horses. And if she is extra and specially angry shell turn me into stone. (Lewis, 15) Something so detailed is hard to fabricate so this lets the reader know that what he describes can’t be far from the truth and the elaborateness of the punishment indicates that she doesn’t punish for justice but rather out of enjoyment or the love of evil. Where she could simply imprison those who wrong her or have them punished in a more humane manor, she prefers to turn the creatures to stone. Additionally, the absence of a king or of any mention of a traditional companion also adds to the perception that she is so sinister, unpleasant and focused on maintaining ultimate control of Narnia that she is incapable of showing love and perhaps unlovable. The reader can assume from her relationship with the Dwarf, who is perhaps the closest thing to a companion that she has in this book, that in any relationship she has, the White Witch must still be the dominant one and subservience is a necessity. Her character seems to be defined by the selfish, carelessly cruel way that she rules Narnia, and the use of her dark magic to keep the Narnians oppressed and afraid of her. Her magic and her lack of emotion then acts as her biggest strengths because they are what permit her to have leverage over the others and commit wicked acts without any regard for how it affects her victim, as exemplified by the many instances of her turning creatures to stone for small offenses. However her weak ness lies in her greed for unchallenged power and her sense of entitlement to a throne that was never meant for her. Her rules are only beneficial to her and work to manipulate situations in her favor, as she would likely be killed if she applied her laws to herself. A prime example of this is when she is about to kill Edmund but is interrupted by Aslan and says, â€Å"You know that every traitor belongs to me as my lawful prey and that for every treachery I have a right to a kill And so, that human creature is mine. His life is forfeit to me. His blood is my property.† (Lewis, 41) This mentality is what allows her to forcibly seize the throne in the first place and kill so mercilessly. She could have gained more respect from the Narnians and worked with them in her reign but instead, she chose to rule with fear and thus, she herself constantly fears the usurpation of her throne. Her unrestricted authority has made her superior to everyone else in her mind, and that coupled w ith her aforementioned sense of entitlement are what led her to believe that she had a chance against Aslan, and her eventual demise. The White Witch holds rank in the story as the general symbol of malice and sinfulness and her influence is felt most strongly by Edmund. She is as purely evil as Aslan is good. She is the source behind any evil lurking in Narnia and her works portray the evil that is always present in life, whether it is sin, cruelty, hatred, lies or selfishness. She does all she can to disrupt and destroy those around her in order to gain control of Narnia, yet she struggles to maintain the upper hand. One of her powers was her ability to recognize Edmund’s insecurity and use her magic to act on it, swaying him to become as power-hungry as her but without him realizing the error in what he did. In chapter six, when he speaks to Peter about her, he says, â€Å"If comes to that, which is the right side? How do we know that the Fauns are in the right and the Queen (yes, I know weve been told shes a witch) is in the wrong? We dont really know anything about either.† (Lewis, 60) Although E dmund knew deep down that he was wrong about the possibility of the Witch being good, he wanted to convince himself that it might be true so that he didn’t feel guilty about working with her and against his siblings. She also influences the way that the Narnians live and behave. Her spell over Narnia that has produced an endless winter makes her presence felt at all times and creates a melancholy overtone that gives the Narnians nothing to look forward to but the many winter days to come. In one instance, a fox wanted to give a toast to the queen but when the Witch asked him about where he and his herd had gotten the food and he replied that he got it from Father Christmas, the witch was so angry that she turned them all into stone. She was so blinded by the coming of Father Christmas and what his arrival foretold about the return of Aslan that she did not consider the fox’s life and how she would be affecting him. Through this persistent malice and unfair treatment of the animals, however, Edmund is able to realize the error of his ways. Lewis successfully creates an archetypically villainous antagonist in the White Witch and her role as a creature that is pure evil makes her synonymous with Satan when compared to the God-like Aslan and representative of all things bad. At the fundamental level, the world of Narnia enforces justice and will not allow for wickedness to truly or permanently take root just as it cannot take root in Edmund. Seeing that it was Lewis’ intent to create a story that could serve as a metaphor for Christian temptation and the power of Christ through the use of symbolism and conflict, her unwavering greed and need to get ahead at the expense of others makes her a perfect symbol for sin and the fundamental goodness of Narnia makes the perfect symbol for the innate goodness of people before evil is introduced. The moment that best exhibits her villainous nature is when she deceitfully discusses her plans for Edmund saying, â€Å"There are whole rooms full of Turkish Delight, and whats mor e, I have no children of my own. I want a nice boy whom I could bring up as a Prince and who would be King of Narnia when I am gone.† (Lewis, 26) Much like the serpent that tempts Eve in the book of Genesis, the White Witch tempts Edmund with food that leaves anyone who consumes it eternally desiring more. In this instance, he represents humanity and its willingness to sin for objects of their desire and throughout much of the rest of the story, Edmund experiences a deep yearning for more Turkish Delight, which symbolizes human greed, one of the seven deadly sins. Likewise, here, the Witch represents the temptation that Satan possesses that allows him to lure people to give in to sin. Although she was already planning to use him in order to find out about his siblings and secure her power, her ability to hide her agenda and appeal to his own greed and selfishness is a quality any good villainess ought to possess. Lastly, and the most prominent indicator of the Witch’s role, in the book of Revelation, found in the Christian Bible, Satan rules over all the Earth before God eventually comes to take all His followers to Heaven. In The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe, the White Witch has claimed to be the rightful ruler of Narnia in Aslan’s absence and once he returns, winter ends and the Witch is dethroned. These are all examples of the underlying Biblical message that appears throughout the entire story and in most of the characters’ identities. However, the lack of depth or a real motivating factor makes for a rather two-dimensional character, in my opinion. Although I understand how the White Witch’s tendency to perform acts of unnecessary evil adds to the Biblical metaphor by equating her inherently evil nature to that of Satan, Satan is at least believed to have attained his desire to promote evil as vengeance for his expulsion from Heaven. And while providing a n incentive for her evil acts might lend too much complexity for the intended child audience and cause other readers to sympathize or relate to her character, without it, one is left to wonder what the bigger picture is and why she lacks compassion. Therefore, presenting some sort of justification in this story is preferred. Along those same lines, information about her past, such as the state of her family, her age and the extent of her magical capabilities, could have been used to advance her character’s story line and give her depth beyond just being Edmund’s manipulative temptation in his search for attention. Nonetheless, for the purposes of what Lewis hoped to convey with her character, he succeeded in doing so. On the surface, the White Witch is a person driven by the love of evil and the desire to do whatever it takes to sustain power over Narnia for as long as possible. Upon examining her role in the story, however, she can be recognized as the symbol of sin needed to tempt Edmund, who is himself a symbol of human infallibility, and the evil force that unites the siblings with Aslan against her. Lewis, in his large analogy for Christian ideology, created a character simple enough that the undertones of what she meant were imbedded but not so evident that it was too complicated for children to follow along with. Although, her depiction and what she stands for makes it easy to dismiss her as 100% evil, I think that giving her more of a backstory and more depth in this book would have helped. Nonetheless, the White Witch is a classic figure that offers many lessons on morality to the characters and the reader.

Tips on Generating Lists of Topics for Essay Writing

<h1>Tips on Generating Lists of Topics for Essay Writing</h1><p>The key to thinking of an all around looked into exposition is to conceptualize the thoughts on which the article ought to be based. This article contains tips on the most proficient method to create arrangements of themes for paper writing.</p><p></p><p>First, distinguish the subject of your exposition. Research it, or even better, converse with somebody who thinks about the point and request their assessment. This can likewise spare you from botches as far as syntax, jargon, and spelling. Furthermore, you'll get extra data about the subject and its experience in the event that you explore on it.</p><p></p><p>The second step is to limit your rundown of points to the most significant theme. Note down your best three or four subjects arranged by significance, and search for related points that you know the subject of. From that point onward, consider likewi se conceptualizing the subjects that are less significant yet not to be totally evaded, for example policy centered issues or religion, or research on the theme to reveal more insight into it.</p><p></p><p>Once you have thought of your rundown of subjects for article composing, do your exploration on it. This could mean going internet, visiting libraries, and conversing with individuals about their conclusions. Be that as it may, observe that a few points are just simpler to inquire about on than others, so it's ideal to begin with the simpler themes first.</p><p></p><p>Next, you would then be able to set up a clock and start composing your article. Your rundown of subjects for paper composing ought to be generally short and ought to mirror all the significant purposes of the exposition. A run of the mill exposition could contain up to twenty to thirty-two subjects, contingent upon the length of the article, so remember this when you'r e composing the essay.</p><p></p><p>The last advance is to compose the paper utilizing the rundown of themes for exposition composing, beginning with the significant things first. You should ensure you locate the best wellspring of data for the theme. For example, if the theme is strict, you should search for books, articles, and news that mirror your religion in a positive light.</p><p></p><p>The procedure of making an incredible paper from a rundown of points for exposition composing isn't as hard as it might sound. Simply keep the key purposes of the article straight, keep your thoughts straight, and utilize the rundown of themes for exposition writing to assist you with thinking of the most unique and amazing essay.</p>

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student Learn

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student LearnIf you are preparing for a course for the First Form 3 revision, it is advisable to start a term in the first half of the year and follow that up with more revision papers, meaning that you should aim to complete most of the course during the second half of the year. Form 3 Revision may vary in difficulty depending on the number of revision papers required, but it does not matter which month it is, as long as you are completing the revision by the end of the term, you will receive a first class grade.If you are not yet a qualified teacher, Form 3 revision is not an exam. You can offer your feedback and help other students prepare for the exam when you do the form. You can assess whether the students are studying to the standard set by the Board of Governors for their level of competence in their new subject and how well they have done in the past subject. If you see that the students in your class are not learning at their peak level , you may be able to address this problem if you can see that they are studying.If you are expecting a student to pass their Form 3 revision without any help, you should not expect your student to do so, especially if you do not attend their classes. Just as you would expect your student to learn something new on their Form 3 Revision papers, you should expect them to do well. Most students that do not take lessons for Form 3 revision will fail the first time, so the chances of that happening to your student is quite high.You should make sure that you are preparing your student for the exam so that they do not miss out a lot of valuable study time. You should have lessons planned in advance, that are flexible enough for your student. The teacher is the one who sets up the schedule and the timetable for the lessons. It is usually much less difficult for you to offer this flexibility.The easiest way to plan your lessons for the course is to set up the timetable weeks before the course starts. This means that your student can decide when they want to study. They can study at certain times and at other times they may find it easier to study when it is not busy with people or they will be able to study at night or on the weekends.Students are normally more likely to study during the weekdays, when the school is less busy, because they get up earlier and get to school on time. On the weekends, students are normally very tired. So a lesson plan that allows flexibility in your student's study habits will be much more beneficial to their development and there are many good tools available to help you plan the right way.The school usually provides additional help in terms of scheduling their lesson schedules around your students' study habits. If you get help from the school in making the lesson plan, you will not have to do as much work as you would have to do if you were to make your own schedule.

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student Learn

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student LearnIf you are preparing for a course for the First Form 3 revision, it is advisable to start a term in the first half of the year and follow that up with more revision papers, meaning that you should aim to complete most of the course during the second half of the year. Form 3 Revision may vary in difficulty depending on the number of revision papers required, but it does not matter which month it is, as long as you are completing the revision by the end of the term, you will receive a first class grade.If you are not yet a qualified teacher, Form 3 revision is not an exam. You can offer your feedback and help other students prepare for the exam when you do the form. You can assess whether the students are studying to the standard set by the Board of Governors for their level of competence in their new subject and how well they have done in the past subject. If you see that the students in your class are not learning at their peak level , you may be able to address this problem if you can see that they are studying.If you are expecting a student to pass their Form 3 revision without any help, you should not expect your student to do so, especially if you do not attend their classes. Just as you would expect your student to learn something new on their Form 3 Revision papers, you should expect them to do well. Most students that do not take lessons for Form 3 revision will fail the first time, so the chances of that happening to your student is quite high.You should make sure that you are preparing your student for the exam so that they do not miss out a lot of valuable study time. You should have lessons planned in advance, that are flexible enough for your student. The teacher is the one who sets up the schedule and the timetable for the lessons. It is usually much less difficult for you to offer this flexibility.The easiest way to plan your lessons for the course is to set up the timetable weeks before the course starts. This means that your student can decide when they want to study. They can study at certain times and at other times they may find it easier to study when it is not busy with people or they will be able to study at night or on the weekends.Students are normally more likely to study during the weekdays, when the school is less busy, because they get up earlier and get to school on time. On the weekends, students are normally very tired. So a lesson plan that allows flexibility in your student's study habits will be much more beneficial to their development and there are many good tools available to help you plan the right way.The school usually provides additional help in terms of scheduling their lesson schedules around your students' study habits. If you get help from the school in making the lesson plan, you will not have to do as much work as you would have to do if you were to make your own schedule.

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student Learn

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student LearnIf you are preparing for a course for the First Form 3 revision, it is advisable to start a term in the first half of the year and follow that up with more revision papers, meaning that you should aim to complete most of the course during the second half of the year. Form 3 Revision may vary in difficulty depending on the number of revision papers required, but it does not matter which month it is, as long as you are completing the revision by the end of the term, you will receive a first class grade.If you are not yet a qualified teacher, Form 3 revision is not an exam. You can offer your feedback and help other students prepare for the exam when you do the form. You can assess whether the students are studying to the standard set by the Board of Governors for their level of competence in their new subject and how well they have done in the past subject. If you see that the students in your class are not learning at their peak level , you may be able to address this problem if you can see that they are studying.If you are expecting a student to pass their Form 3 revision without any help, you should not expect your student to do so, especially if you do not attend their classes. Just as you would expect your student to learn something new on their Form 3 Revision papers, you should expect them to do well. Most students that do not take lessons for Form 3 revision will fail the first time, so the chances of that happening to your student is quite high.You should make sure that you are preparing your student for the exam so that they do not miss out a lot of valuable study time. You should have lessons planned in advance, that are flexible enough for your student. The teacher is the one who sets up the schedule and the timetable for the lessons. It is usually much less difficult for you to offer this flexibility.The easiest way to plan your lessons for the course is to set up the timetable weeks before the course starts. This means that your student can decide when they want to study. They can study at certain times and at other times they may find it easier to study when it is not busy with people or they will be able to study at night or on the weekends.Students are normally more likely to study during the weekdays, when the school is less busy, because they get up earlier and get to school on time. On the weekends, students are normally very tired. So a lesson plan that allows flexibility in your student's study habits will be much more beneficial to their development and there are many good tools available to help you plan the right way.The school usually provides additional help in terms of scheduling their lesson schedules around your students' study habits. If you get help from the school in making the lesson plan, you will not have to do as much work as you would have to do if you were to make your own schedule.

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student Learn

Form 3 Revision Papers - Helping Your Student LearnIf you are preparing for a course for the First Form 3 revision, it is advisable to start a term in the first half of the year and follow that up with more revision papers, meaning that you should aim to complete most of the course during the second half of the year. Form 3 Revision may vary in difficulty depending on the number of revision papers required, but it does not matter which month it is, as long as you are completing the revision by the end of the term, you will receive a first class grade.If you are not yet a qualified teacher, Form 3 revision is not an exam. You can offer your feedback and help other students prepare for the exam when you do the form. You can assess whether the students are studying to the standard set by the Board of Governors for their level of competence in their new subject and how well they have done in the past subject. If you see that the students in your class are not learning at their peak level , you may be able to address this problem if you can see that they are studying.If you are expecting a student to pass their Form 3 revision without any help, you should not expect your student to do so, especially if you do not attend their classes. Just as you would expect your student to learn something new on their Form 3 Revision papers, you should expect them to do well. Most students that do not take lessons for Form 3 revision will fail the first time, so the chances of that happening to your student is quite high.You should make sure that you are preparing your student for the exam so that they do not miss out a lot of valuable study time. You should have lessons planned in advance, that are flexible enough for your student. The teacher is the one who sets up the schedule and the timetable for the lessons. It is usually much less difficult for you to offer this flexibility.The easiest way to plan your lessons for the course is to set up the timetable weeks before the course starts. This means that your student can decide when they want to study. They can study at certain times and at other times they may find it easier to study when it is not busy with people or they will be able to study at night or on the weekends.Students are normally more likely to study during the weekdays, when the school is less busy, because they get up earlier and get to school on time. On the weekends, students are normally very tired. So a lesson plan that allows flexibility in your student's study habits will be much more beneficial to their development and there are many good tools available to help you plan the right way.The school usually provides additional help in terms of scheduling their lesson schedules around your students' study habits. If you get help from the school in making the lesson plan, you will not have to do as much work as you would have to do if you were to make your own schedule.

How to Write a Sample Essay on What Do You Plan to Do After Graduation

<h1>How to Write a Sample Essay on What Do You Plan to Do After Graduation</h1><p>Writing an example paper on what do you intend to do after graduation is a difficult activity. What you have to make it all the more testing is to be certain that you diagram the subjects of your proposition. Most schools, schools and colleges will give you an example of how to compose an example paper on what do you intend to do after graduation yet it is better in the event that you diagram your point with the goal that it will be simpler for you to create an incredible article on what do you intend to do after graduation.</p><p></p><p>First of all, you should give a prologue to your theme in the principal section of your exposition. At that point, you should determine what you will do after graduation in the subsequent section. In the third passage, you can make reference to certain realities about your subject that will enable the peruser to comprehend your theme. You ought to likewise make reference to who are your perusers in the last paragraph.</p><p></p><p>The most significant thing that you should give in your example on what do you intend to do after graduation is to explain to the perusers the motivation behind why they ought to get intrigued with your theme. It isn't sufficient that you simply reveal to them that you need to complete your examinations. You ought to likewise disclose to them why they should peruse your paper.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise give more subtleties of your point in your example on what do you intend to do after graduation. This will make it simpler for you to compose your great work. You should likewise place your name in the writer's rundown or the writer asset box.</p><p></p><p>Your different suggestions when you are composing an example article on what do you intend to do after graduation is to follow the style of composin g, language structure and accentuation. Additionally, you should utilize the principles of English in your composition. Remember that your point is as yet insufficient to make your paper intriguing. Your theme may be somewhat intriguing in the event that you will compose a fascinating essay.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise cause your example on what to do you intend to do after graduation engaging. By remembering these two things, you will have the option to compose a brilliant exposition on what do you intend to do after graduation. Your crowd won't be exhausted. In this way, simply follow these tips and you will have a fruitful venture on what do you intend to do after graduation.</p><p></p><p>However, when you are composing an example exposition on what do you intend to do after graduation, it is significant that you reconsider before you compose your paper. You should initially compose your paper as though you are an article by a teacher that will be given in a workshop. You ought to likewise go over your article with a fine tooth comb.</p><p></p><p>When you are composing an example exposition on what do you intend to do after graduation, remember to place a few notes in your drafts so you will have the option to transform them into a decent paper. Doing so won't just make your paper fascinating yet it will likewise make it progressively proficient looking and writing.</p>

Buying Interpret Essay 5 Topics

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What You Should Do to Find Out About Connecting Words for Essay Writing Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Connecting Words for Essay Writing Before You're Left Behind There's, clearly, a breaking point on the scope of pages even our absolute best journalists can create with a squeezing cutoff time, however as a rule, we make sense of how to fulfill all the customers looking for earnest help. The journalists can help understudies who have any subject they need, however the essential administrations essaypro. Give all the principal subtleties, let us think about the cutoff time, and we'll start making your paper to help you in getting high evaluations. Indeed, even in the occasion the cutoff time is genuinely close, don't hesitate to get hold of our administrators. In the event that dubious about the use of any of the connecting words beneath, a quick quest for example sentences should help explain. You never need to utilize this word wrongly, notwithstanding, or probably you'll have an appalling result! At the point when you do that, you should utilize a word or an expression that will interface the two unmistakable musings, to set a word stream. There are a few words out there, guarantee you choose the best one! You should bolster your most significant focuses in your IELTS exposition. At the point when you form the article, you have to pick a solitary side to focus on. It's urgent to be away from what you mean in your paper. This exposition looks at the clarifications for why task articles are gainful for understudy learning and thinks about some of the issues with this strategy of evaluation. Most books on exposition composing will give you many model essayscollect some of these as they are stupendous instructors! The more inquiries you pose before you begin composing, the more data you should use in the paper. At the very same time, you may likewise connect explain in some of your papers to show your advanced vocab! Envision the bore of composing you'll get from a minimal effort paper composing administration. Make a rundown of potential subjects that you might want to depict in your circumstances and logical results paper. When you own a proposal, consider your essential subject and find words that identify with it in different manners. The accentuation is absolutely the equivalent in the first sentence. A large number of cases come up when composing an article at which you should portray what an individual thinks, however every one of us realizes assortment is a remarkable piece of each phenomenal paper! Associating Words for Essay Writing - the Story Ensure you utilize this determination of connecting words to accomplish that. Compose quality passages and articles with a web class, and you won't ever have such a large number of changes. Simply ensure that your changes are constantly used in a linguistically stable manner. Incidentally an awesome representation of what you're endeavoring to accomplish is certainly justified regardless of a 1000 expressions of counsel! Be that as it may, as you get ready, acquiring a next to each other rundown of focuses can be valuable in building up your proposal. Subsequent to finding our site, you will no longer should trouble loved ones with these sorts of solicitations. This companion will in like manner have the option to bring up syntactic or spelling mistakes that you may have missed. Discovering how to utilize models is very important, we have a total module on giving models in the web course. Proof recorded as a hard copy works accurately a similar way. See that the goal of an enticing discourse is much the same as the reason for composing a pugnacious or powerful essaythe hierarchical structure and kind of information in a convincing discourse would be. Henceforth, they help to create sound connections inside the content. The Hidden Facts on Connecting Words for Essay Writing Sometimes data ought to be rehashed to accentuate the point being created. These specific words are used to show that something affected something other than what's expected, to exhibit the results of something, or to give the impacts of an activity. This title will get somebody who might want to learn. To begin with, you must lay the right foundation and draw the perusers' advantage.

The Advantages of What Is Term Paper Writing

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Easy Cause and Effect Essay Topics For Kids

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Competition versus Collaboration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 25 Words: 7463 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Competition versus Collaboration Studying so much about collaboration within and outside the organization made me curious about the competition element. So I tired to find out where does the competition lies when we are talking about Collaboration.Christiansen (2000) says that for ?creativity? and ?innovation?, it is important to consider whether ?collaboration? or ?competition? is valuable. Although there are some downsides with collaboration like: collaborative group working independently, resistance dispute, ownership problems, Time pressure in members and their activities, etc.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Competition versus Collaboration" essay for you Create order Despite having such downsides ?competition? is beaten by ?collaboration?. Furthermore, competition among individuals within an organization, in idea generation, forces people to shutdown. Who wins and who looses is based on the rules of the game which includes individuals? competencies and other factors. Whereas in the innovation-process, creativity nourishes with new ideas from a variety of sources. In competition individuals hold back information. Furthermore, the individual might not have a clear picture about the problem in-hand or reduce creative thinking or might not give enough time to think about the solution. Thus, increasing the possibility that the outcome is not a best solution or a best idea. Whereas in collaboration, individuals will be synergistically working together towards their objective. Collaboration is an important part of the innovation stages of selecting the ideas, development and commercializing an idea. In case where competition is outside the organization Nagel (2001) says that Wealth is created by ?competition? and innovation plays a centre role in competition. And ?innovation? is a key which comprises collaboration among competitors. Innovative companies collaborate externally though joint ventures, alliances or less structured forms of networking. Some innovative companies value internal and external competition, not being cut-throat competition with high secrecy or fierce, only to stimulate higher performance in competing projects where the losing teams are happy to support the winning team on their way forward. In such a company, with a positive competitive culture, to lose is not equal to losing face or missing out on the next potential promotion. In companies that believe in collaboration, people cannot help but to collaborate (Mayle 2006).This concept can be seen apprentin the Ripple Effect (IDEO 2009) project model from IDEO where different organizations collaborate to provide inspiration, deign and business support to entrepreneurs in development of new offering. I have attached a video below showing how companies are collaborating to provide clean drinking water for the poor The Ripple Effect in India, by IDEO and Acumen Fund from IDEO on Vimeo. Reference: Christiansen J. A., 2000 Competitive Innovation Management: Techniques to Improve Innovation Performance, Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan IDEO 2009, Ripple Effect: Access to safe drinking water for Acumen fund and The Bill Melinda Gates foundation [Online], Available:https://www.ideo.com/work/item/ripple-effect-access-to-safe-drinking-water/ Mayle D. 2006, Managing innovation and change, Publisher: SAGE Nagel S. 2001, Handbook of Policy Creativity: Creativity at the cutting edge Publisher: Nova Publishers, Social Media and Networks In the last few years, the number of users accessing the internet is expanding and an exponential rate. Users looking for any kind of information are searching the internet. Organizations are shifting or starting businesses online spending a lot of many to get traffic to their site. But with the hype of internet and web 2.0, these companies are using the internet to market and advertise their products and services through social media channels like facebook, twitter, youtube etc. It is the most low cost promotion method available today. Now a day marketers are using social media as their primary advertising platform as it is able to capture mass audiences. Its somewhat similar to TV advertising . In our business plan this social media and networks is playing an important part in advertisement. Companies are more concerned about their social graph ranks about products and services then how Google ranks them. The social media channels are creating content for the SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and SEM (Search Engine Marketing) to work for the companies social media strategy. The content creation strategy should be aligned with the social media strategy to drive users towards taking action ( PR News 2009) There are three kinds of people who doubt the efficiency of social media. * Who are unaware about social media. * Who are interested in it but do not have knowledge to use it * Who doubts the social media strategy could benefit the business or their website(Jue et al. 2009) Social media should be included in the brand strategy because it will help consumers in the adoption process, laid out by Rogers (1962), which are (1) awareness, (2) interest, (3) evaluation, (4) trial, and (5) adoption, by spreading the awareness of the brand and answering the questions about the benefits the brand will provide. Social media will communicate the brand at all emotional levels. Furthermore, feedback will help in improving and evolving the brand. Bauknecht (2005) says people are believing and trusting more on peer recommendations than an advertisement. According to Warner (2008) social media networking might be just waste of time because the amounts of time individuals are spending on it. According to a survey, there is an estimated cost of 6.5 billion per annum for loss in productivity and high bandwidth usage Britains social media fanatics spent like 12 hours per week on social media websites wasting value time. Young generations are also spending so much time on it. It was already hard to get the video game generation to focus on their studies. Lets see how much time it takes to spend on social media I am not a blogger or a social media fan. I did not have a Facebook account. I belonged to the category who doubted that social media could not benefit the business as advertising does. Now for me realizing the potential of social media was a huge eye-opener. I cant imagine how I could be ignoring it even after noticing all the online websites and other friends are on some kind of social media. However, after attending the Presentation of Chris Ramsbottom, former student of LUMS, and listening to his experiences regarding convincing the top managed about the importance of social media made me realize that I am not the only one. Now I have almost all the major social media channels and to expand my knowledge further regarding social media, I just got a book The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success 2009 by Lon Safko, David Brake and a digital copy of Social Media Marketing for Dummies 2009 by Shiv Singh. Also an iPhone to keep in touch with the social media networks However, it is important to understand how to utilize social media effectively by clarifying what actually is required from the social media either increasing sales or brand awareness of products or services. It will avoid wasting valuable time. Reference: Bauknecht K., Prll B. and Werthner H. 2005, ?E-commerce and web technologies: 6th international conference, EC-Web? Publisher: Springer Science Business Perez S. 2008, ?Real People Dont Have Time for Social Media? [online], Available: https://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/real_people_dont_have_time_for_social_media.php PR News 2009, ?SEO SEM 3.0: Demystifying Social Media Optimization to Bring Consumers to You?, PR News, April 27, https://www.proquest.com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/ (accessed December 13, 2009). Jue A.L. , Marr J.A. and Kassotakis M.E. 2009, ?Social Media at Work: How Networking Tools Propel Organizational Performance? , Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Rogers, Everett M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. Glencoe: Free Press. Warner B. 2008, ?Times Online : Is social networking a waste of time[Online], Available: https://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3536749.ec Mass Production I have been absent from the working log for quite sometime. Was really busy in group meetings, presentations and assignments etc. just finished my toughest assignment for SAP which is due day after tomorrow. Im relaxed now and having a cup of tea and startedwriting my learning log again Mass Production Honestly when I saw the week 6 questions I thought mass production will be boring and just time consuming, there would be nothing interesting about it except the word mass production but after seeing a clip of Charlie Chaplin at the time of lecture actually started my interest. I was fascinated to find out how industrial revolution began and how change actually happened. Most of the people live their lives and dont bother to look at the history like how we, as people, got to current situation. How we, as people progressed. It made me feel proud how we as human beings progressed through passage of time. The Industrial Revolution consisted a period from 18th to the 19th century where changes on manufacturing, transport and agriculture had an enormous effect on social, cultural and economic conditions first starting in UK. UK is the place, in the 18 century, where first manufacturing operations were specifically designed to reduce production costs by specialized labour and the use of machines appeared (britannica.com). Then afterwards spread to Europe, North America, and eventually the world. It was interesting to read about Model T a model of car produced by the Ford Motor Company between 1909-27, first car to be successfully mass-produced on an assembly line. I was a little bit curious what is the significance of the letter T. Just noticed it is 20th letter of the alphabet. So Model T is THE MODEL OF THE 20TH CENTURY. (Babylon dictionary) The main characteristics of MODEL T is the Standardization which lead to economies of scale during production, Division of Task which led to higher productivity. Specialism which lead to easy training of new workers in different departments Payment procedure, more parts produced the more money earned, led to overcoming the problem of high labour turnover Concentration where specialist making the decision instead of Workers Interest to read more about Model T and suggestion from Mary on The limits of Fordism led me to a paper onThe Rise and Decline of Fordism and the Sea-Change in the Technological Advantage of Nations 2004 by Andrew Tylecote and Giovanna Vertova, who states that in the manufacturing industry there are 3 functions 1. Design 2. Manufacture process of turning inputs into outputs 3. co-ordination management The larger the firms became, under Fordism production, the more co-ordination was required; the faster technology and products changed and the pace of change was steadily accelerating, the more design was required. It is to be noted that Fordist production methods was actually derived from the transformation of previous organization of production notably Taylorism. It was actually Taylor in his Bethlehem Steel plant where craftsmen were subordinated directly to engineers who allocated tasks to workers. Fordism production, in Kaplinskys words, had distinct spheres. Photobucket Mass production system of Fordism was marvellously efficient and the model can be valued by the concept of ?transformation mechanisation which has 3 stages referred by Coombs (1983). Stage 1: The dedicated machine tool, lower labour cost and higher production Stage 2: The assembly line of continuous flow mechanical moving of materials between different stages of transformation. What Fordism lacked was the 3rd stage i.e. Control mechanisation which is the substitution of machines for the human brain in the direction and supervision of the productive process.What was needed, for control mechanisation, was machine intelligence and that was the next techno-economic paradigm development of ICT. Later on flexible form of mechanisation was made possible by Computer-aided manufacturing. Computer aided manufacturing which later on joined with computer aided design. The use of ICT in the process of coordination was increasingly recognized which led the development and diffusion of internet. Coming from a family business of clothes manufacturing, for me I understood perfectly about the boredom the workers experience for constant doing the repetitive work in mass production.Even after the policy of wages were based according to the amount of output a worker does i.e. wages paid for each item of work they do, the motivation increases but eventually comes down and the element of boredom re-appears. By looking at the theory of the law of Diminishing Marginal Productivity of labour (sometimes called the law of diminishing returns). It states that the increase in output due to units increase in labour working hours will eventually decline.(Jacques, Ian 2006) Which means if a worker is working 10 hours in a day ,His efficiency in the 1st hour will be higher than the 2nd hour. 2nd hour skill of production is more than the 3rd hour. In his last hour that is in the 10th hour his efficiency will be very very low .It may be zero or negative. Which was apparent in the case of Charlie Chaplin in the MODERN TIMES movie clip, that was seen in the class, when he lost his mind after repetitive working of loooooog hours and his productivity became negative In the book Mathematics for Economics and Business by Jacques, Ian gives an exmple: In the simplest case output, Q, is assumed to be a function of labour, L, and capital, K. Moreover, in the short run the input K can be assumed to be fixed, so Q is then only a function of one input L. (This is not a valid assumption in the long run and in general Q must be regarded as a function of at least two inputs. Methods for handling this situation are considered in the next chapter.) The variable L is usually measured in terms of the number of workers or possibly in terms of the number of worker hours. We define the marginal product of labour,MPL, by dQ = MPL dL Between 0 and L0 the curve bends upwards, becoming progressively steeper, and so the slope function, MPL, increases. Mathematically, this means that the slope of MPL is positive: that is, d(MPL ) 0 dQ Now MPL is itself the derivative of Q with respect to L, so we can use the notation for the second derivative and write this as d2Q - 0 dL2 Similarly, if L exceeds the threshold value of L0, then Figure 4.17 shows that the product curve bends downwards and the slope decreases. In this region, the slope of the slope function is negative, so that d2Q 0 dL2 The law of diminishing returns states that this must happen eventually: that is, d2Q 0 dL2 for sufficiently large L. Conclusion: To increase the productivity of a labourer and to reduce the cost of production. Reducing working hours of a shift is necessary. Reference: Andrew Tylecote and Giovanna Vertova 2004, The Rise and Decline of Fordism and the Sea-Change in the Technological Advantage of Nations www.giovannavertova.it/WP06.pdf britannica.com https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/368270/mass-production Babylon dictionary https://dictionary.babylon.com Jacques, Ian 2006, Mathematics for Economics and Business, Pearson Education UK, p. 268-271 https://lib.myilibrary.com.ezproxy.lancs.ac.uk/Browse/open.asp?ID=60204loc=Cover Kaplinsky (1984) Fordial Organisation Of Factory Production, p. 24 Perez Coombs. (1983). Structural Change and Assimilation of New Technologies in the Economic and Social Systems, Futures, 15(5): 357-375. disruptive technology It is a term which Christensen described as a new technology in this book the innovators dilemma by categorizing new technology into 2 categories: Sustaining technology incrementing improvements in an existing established technology Disruptive technology new technology, may not be perfect but appealing to a limited audience. Has initially little value and does not create attention among the dominate players in the industry. Disruptive technology usually targets new areas within the current industry with a new approach and could dominate an existing market. I will give 2 examples of disruptive technologies. Firstly, in my technology module, I found cloud computing a very disruptive technology. Its potential value cannot be ignored or denied. There were number of phases involved in the evolution of cloud computing, which include application service provision (ASP) and Software as a Service (SaaS) (Velte et al. 2009). In 2006, Amazon launched a commercial web service called Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) allowing small companies and individuals to renting I.T. infrastructure and computing power to run their own computer applications (LaMonica 2006). Cloud computing service is risk free and Easy to use. One does not have to buy anything or invest hugely into it. The technology is flexible; adjusting to the companys requirements and also easily scalable; fulfilling the needs of the companys growing demands. Just imagine in an industry where customers, had to pay upfront for a technology for which they may get 20-30% use, could use this cloud computing technology model and pay only for what is used and when it is used. It can be seen that the barriers to the entry of customers, around cost and complexity, are going to come down so dramatically that the cloud is going to open up much more usages of IT for small medium businesses. Emerging markets can be seen in countries, where just the cost and complexity have been barriers. Developing countries like Brazil rushing, China, India and beyond are going to end up using the technology in ways they have never been able to use it before and in ways we have never seen before. The second disruptive technology I found was the Google announcement of Google Navigation Map product for FREE, which was one of the innovation searches in our workshops. This product is used by connecting to the internet to Google cloud computing technology providing all the services of a traditional Sat. Nav and much more. By looking at the stock market of Garmin, one of the leading companies of navigation system providers in the GPS industry, we could actually see the market reaction to such a disruptive technology in just a couple of days from announcement, last year, in October 2009. TomTom and other companies are also affected. This product is targeted to price sensitive customers with offering excellent features and capabilities for FREE. With good understanding of the term disruptive innovation and disruptive technology, broadered my view of anticipating whether any new technology, i came accross, will prove disruptive or not. References: * Christensen C.M. 1997, The innovators dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail, Publisher: Harvard Business Press * Gurley B., Google Redefines Disruption: The Less Than Free Business Model [Online],Available: https://abovethecrowd.com/2009/10/29/google-redefines-disruption-the-%E2%80%9Cless-than-free%E2%80%9D-business-model/ [Accessed December 1, 2009 ] * LaMonica M. 2006, Amazon servers, starting at 10 cents an hour [Online], Available: https://news.cnet.com/Amazon-servers,-starting-at-10-cents-an-hour/2100-1038_3-6109202.html [Accessed December 1, 2009 ] * Velte T., Velte A. and Elsenpeter R. 2009, Cloud Computing: A Practical Approach, Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional disruptive innovation The term Disruptive innovation is thought up by Clayton Christensen, who describes the term as a process by which a product or service application starts from the bottom of the market and manoeuvres up in the market displacing established competitors. (christensen, 2009) I read an interesting book The innovators guide to growth: putting disruptive innovation to work by Scott. It describes the disruptive innovation theory: the market consists of customers some of which are at a high end, very demanding, and willing to buy high-performance, expensive products. While others are low end and satisfied with simple and inexpensive products. Customers lives are not changing as fast as most organization or companies are innovating. These fast innovating companies end up producing goods, sustaining innovations, that are too good, too expensive and sometimes too inconvenient for many customers. The disconnect between the capabilities of a product and the customers ability to use them opens up an opportunity for innovators who brings to a market a disruptive innovation that is simple, convenient, accessible and affordable. Thus, changing the game of the market. The disruptive innovations can be broadly classified into two types: new-market and low-end disruptive innovations. The new-market disruptive innovation, which succeeds because they bring previous non-consumers into the market, whereas a lower-end disruptive innovation is aimed at mainstream customers for whom price is more important than quality. Disruptive innovations can be generally be divided into new-market and low-end disruptive innovations. A new-market disruptive innovation is often aimed at non-consumption (i.e., consumers who would not have used the products already on the market), whereas a lower-end disruptive innovation is aimed at mainstream customers for whom price is more important than quality. Low-end disruption has occurred repeatedly in retailing. Disruptive innovation will result in major changes, but they don?t often rely on technological breakthroughs. In fact, many times the technologies are quite trivial. It?s the Business Model the way a company organises and acts that drives disruptions. Taking the example of Wal-Mart, who opened their first discount retailer in 1962, they didnt start to sell goods that are different from their competitors, they created a new way to organize and act that allowed them to make money at low price points. So it?s not often the technology but is the businesses model. I read about many other models that shows the difference between disruption and sustaining innovation like the personal computer, eBay online model etc. the most interesting one is from the video games industries. Contrast the Sony PlayStation 3 product with the Nintendos Wii product. The PS3 is a technological marvel. The best game play you can find, great graphics, the blue ray disks in the player. It is aimed at the heart core gamers, the most demanding consumers in the games industry. Now Nintendo has innovated in a very different way. Instead of introducing games with better graphics Nintendo made it simpler, made it more accessible. The big innovation is the controller. Nintendo is consciously targeting the non-gamer and by doing so it has greatly expanded the market for the video games by reaching people that Sony wouldnt even think about targeting. Not winning it by doing it better but by winning it by doing it differently. (Ali Farhoomand, 2009) In the EBIN 504 innovation module understanding of the concept of disruptive innovation helped me understand more how to look at the market or industry to Spot Disruptive Innovation Opportunities which had helped me in my EBIN 503: Business Planning Module where we had a workshop for idea generation for starting a business. I also in thebook The innovators guide to growth I learned that, firstly we had to look for a market or industry where there is some kind of constraint that inhibits consumption where there is something that makes it difficult for people to solve problems in their life. Sometimes they dont have skills, sometimes they don?t have money, and sometimes they cant access the solution and sometimes its just takes too long. Finding one of those barriers to consumption and see how you can obliterate it. Secondly we had to identify where people have important and unsatisfied jobs to be done. Where are problems that a customer faces that they cant adequately solve today. If we can find that frustrated customer and ease their pain we often times have the ticket to disruptive innovation. Then after we have looked for the constraint innovation and targeted that job to be done, then we think thought about how we can play the innovation game differently. With better understanding of the concept of d isruptive innovation theory, I understood its not about doing it better, its about making it simpler, cheaper, more accessible, more affordable. That is what disruption is all about. (Scott D. Anthony, 2008) References Ali Farhoomand, H. J. (2009) Nintendos Disruptive Strategy: Implications for the Video Game Industry. Feb 10, 2009, Harvard business publishing. https://harvardbusiness.org/product/nintendo-s-disruptive-strategy-implications-for-th/an/HKU814-PDF-ENG Christensen, C. (2009) Disruptive Innovation. https://www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html John Bessant, J. T. (2007) Innovation and entrepreneurship John Wiley and Sons, p. 229-34, 247 Scott D. Anthony, M. W. J., Joseph V. Sinfield, Elizabeth J. Altman (2008) The innovators guide to growth: putting disruptive innovation to work, Harvard Business Press PLATFORM INNOVATION Platform in simple words means pictures of major subsystems and interfaces between these subsystems. The platform innovation is defined as one that leads to the practical application of fundamental innovations. Such innovations normally are launching pads for a new industry I read a journal Platform-Innovation drive enterprise growth. It was very fascinating to see how Platform thinking for physical products played an important role in the companys transformation of its traditional mainframe business to a Web server business. Also product platforms require accurate operational definition without which its difficult to achieve progress, but many organizations are lacking in applying this definition. New product strategy must be remodeled to capture the degree to which common architectures and subsystems will be leveraged across existing and new market applications, as well as the timing of product introductions. (Marc H Meyer ad el. 2001) In the EBIN-521 e-Technology module I have learned that the Internet has evolved from web 1.0 to and Web 2.0 to become an increasingly important platform not just for economic development, communication, educational purposes, and as an area for entertainment, but also as a place for those who wish to express their opinions and ideas freely and is now considered web as a platform which doesnt have a hard boundary Figure 1 shows a meme map of Web 2.0 that was developed at a brainstorming session during FOO Camp, a conference at OReilly Media. Its very much a work in progress, but shows the many ideas that radiate out from the Web 2.0 core. (Tim OReilly 2005) from the above figureabovewe can have an idea of Web as a platform.Web 2.0 can be conceived as blocks of principles and practices that are interconnected system of sites, where software and web applications are built upon the Web as opposed to upon the desktop. The uniqueness of web 2.0 is customers are building your business for you. (Tim OReilly 2005) Everything is platform in web 2.0 era. I found this comic very interesting. In the EBIN-521 e-Technology module and EBIN-503 Business Planning Finance Planning we are going to plan to have an open API (application programming interface) as part of our e-business. Open API is a platform innovation concept, where other developers uses Open API to come up with a new combination for an innovation, which leads to more innovation. Application Programming Interface (API) is an interface that a software program implements in order to allow other software to interact with it; much in the same way that software might implement a user interface in order to allow humans to interact with it. (Wikipedia cited: on Nov 2009).For example In September 2009 programmableweb.com announced that ithad 16 new Mashups in their Mashup Directory and 28 different APIs were used to build them in different combination (programmableweb.com 2009). At the website link provided below in the reference shows a list of API used in different meshups An an exampleof a web ping.fm (https://ping.fm/)It is a web application for Managing Social Networks. It is linked with 46 social websites like Twitter, Facebook, myspace,blogger, beboetc. You can create an account with ping.fm and link it to any social websitefrom the list of 46. And if you want to post something like any news or update you can just post once on ping.fm and it will posted to you all the LINKED services you added to your ping.fm account. Now pink.fm provides OPEN API. Byusing their opi functionality any web-developer or business organization can build their business In our business plan, we will be having an OPEN DATA API and TRANSACTION API in our eBusiness as a open platform for other developers build or develop their web-application or software , hence building their business using our platform or in other words building our business for us Reference: Make platform innovation drive enterprise growth By Marc H Meyer, Paul C Mugge, Publication title: Research Technology Management. Arlington: Jan/Feb 2001. Vol. 44, Iss. 1; pg. 25, 15 pgs Wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface#cite_note-0 John Musser 2009 28 APIs Used This Week: Open Government, Wikipedia, New York Times, and Football Nerds https://blog.programmableweb.com/2009/10/04/28-apis-used-this-week-open-government-wikipedia-new-york-times-and-football-nerds/ Realinnovation- 2008 https://www.realinnovation.com/dictionary/Platform_Innovation-312.htm dilbert.com 2007 https://www.dilbert.com/fast/2007-09-09/ Tim OReilly Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software 2005 https://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html understanding Dominant Design Dominant Design a product configuration which endures; a particular combination of product features which appears to satisfy the market and survives, without major change, for some time. (Don Bradmore 2004) Often in dominant design route there are many competitors involved each one introducing many products with special features but the firm that are able to imitate the dominant design survive while those that cannot fail. The design typically remains a standard product model for many years during which firms compete on lowering costs through process innovations. In the technology industry number of alternative design are often introduced by firms e.g. Microsoft Windows, Apple Inc. Mac OS and IBM OS2). Updated designs are introduced later incorporating incremental improvements. After sometime the architecture that becomes most accepted as the industry standard may emerge e.g. Microsoft Windows. Dominant designs might not be better than other designs in the market place; however they fulfil the key requirements. Many technologies, currently in use, struggled with similar competing products before gaining the dominant design. According to Markides and Geroski (2005) until the standard is emerging consumers are affected by issues of choice and have to learn what the innovation is for and how they will use it. Consumers needs to understand the innovation and how the new innovation will fit with their consumption patterns and values. In my home country Pakistan in the early 90s it was slightly different because Microsoft as an OS introduced in the country when it became dominant. Before that there was no alternative choice. Microsoft OS was widely used because it wasnt confined to confined to hardware like Mac is with Apple Hardware. There weren?t any wide usage of Mac and OS2. First time I heard about Apple and Mac when I say a bibliography documentary on ?Steve Jobs? co-founder of Apple, in the mid 90s. Linux has become useful Operating System product and are being widely used. But even now the majority general public are aware of only Microsoft Windows OS. I myself was use Microsoft Windows. I was happy with Vista even after so many problems with Vista and wasn?t found of upgrading to Windows 7 but when various features was discussed about Windows 7 in the class I upgraded my OS to windows 7. It?s an going process for maintaining its dominant position by evolving continuously with adjustment and improvements b eing made to the product. This improvement becomes part of the standard of that dominant design with time. In my opinion it is very unlikely that in the near future that any other OS will become dominant. Google is developing an operating system (OS) This is the first time we have had a truly competitive OS on the market in years. This is potentially disruptive and is the first real attempt by anyone to go after Microsoft Google OS, launches its own OS (BBC News 2009). I think Googles key success element would be to completely abandon their current direction, build a hypervisor based OS instead, and provide a product that can virtualizes EVERYTHING. Meaning Google will have taken a revolutionary step forward if Google OS could run all Apps of Apple, Linux, and Windows OS on top of Google based hypervisor. They might capture some good market share but will the product diffuse? Or will it become a dominant design in the future?very unlikely but for an accurate answer we have to wait. On the other hand The emergence process for dominant designs has typically been viewed as a black box process involving a sophisticated interaction of technological and non-technological factors (Lee et al. 1995). A dominant design does not always emerge, even many years after product introduction. Game consoles are an example: Microsoft Xbox, Nintendo Wii, and Playstation 3. References: * Don Bradmore 2004 (c) Copyright Reprint Courtesy of the Dept. of Marketing, Faculty of Business and Economics, Monash University; edited by Mr. Don Bradmore. * Markides, Constantinos C Geroski, Paul A. (2005) Fast Second How Smart Companies Bypass Radical Innovation to enter and Dominate New Markets. * Google to launch operating system By Maggie Shiels Technology reporter, BBC News, Silicon Valley , Wednesday, 8 July 2009 * Lee, Ji-Ren, Donald O?Neal, Mark Pruett, and H. Thomas. 1995. Planning for dominance: a strategic perspective on the emergence of a dominant design. RD Management 25/1: 3-25. understanding diffusion It was very interesting to know that diffusion process of innovation explains how, why and at what rate innovations (4P) spreads. And how an innovation is understood, by individuals, in different societies. Rogers has defined essential characteristics of innovations itself that influence an individual?s decision to adopt or reject an innovation 1. Relative advantage- has the innovation improved from the past? 2. Compatibility- is it consistent with the existing needs and values? 3. Complexity- is it simpler for the individual to adopt? 4. Trialability Can I try it first by avoiding potential risks? 5. Observability- can I see its benefits? The individual goes through Five stages of the adoption process of innovation which correlates with the evaluation of the characteristics of innovation 1. Knowledge- do I have enough knowledge of the innovation? 2. Persuasion I need more information about this innovation! 3. Decision I know the pros and cons of using this innovation. Now should I buy it or reject it? 4. Implementation- now using the innovation can I see is usefulness? And should I further search for information ? 5. Confirmation- this innovation is Great! I will continue using the innovation. Furthermore Rogers also categorized adopters into five different segments: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. But the most important element in the continuity of innovation diffusion depends upon the continual Reinvention or Redevelopment of the innovation; how it evolves to meet the needs of more demanding risk-averse individuals in the diffusion process. Looking at what I mentioned so far made me realize how I opted an innovation process to start a business online on eBay. eBay transformed trading from the real world to the virtual world forming a new eMarketplace. Although I come into late majority segment in adopting eBay as a process. I went through all the phases mentioned above by evaluating the characteristics of innovation itself and stages of adoption. Although I was aware of the innovation quite a while ago but the adoption process took a while to reach to the confirmation stages. If I had the present knowledge at the time, when I was aware of the eBay innovation process, the adoption process might have been faster. The reason why I mentioned the above theory of diffusion because it really intrigued me because all rational people goes through this process in one way or the other, but knowing the platform of process will guide me in future to evaluate any arisingopportunity. Further info Lec 3 The theory of innovation diffusion analyses and provides explanation to individuals, from any discipline, a theoretical abstract prototype for understanding the process of diffusion. An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. The perceived newness of the idea for the individual determines his/her reaction to it (Rogers, 1995). There are numerous variables is involved in the diffusion process. It occurs in an unpredictable manner; identifying adopter-consumers is difficult, measuring influencers in communication social processes is complicated. So having a diffusion process model is difficult (Roberts, Thomas S.1967) 1. Rogers, (1993 p.5) provides a simplified model of diffusion process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. Thus, the four main elements of the theory are the innovation, communication channels, time, and the social system whic h offers three valuable insights into the process of social change: 1) What qualities make an innovation spread successfully? 2) The importance of peer-peer conversations and peer networks. 3) Understanding the needs of different user segments. 1) What qualities make an innovation spread successfully? Firstly the theory focuses on evolution or ?reinvention? of products and behaviours which fits the need of individuals and groups. Roger recognizes five qualities that determine why certain innovations spread more quickly than others while others fail. 1. Relative advantage, 2. compatibility, 3. complexity, 4. trialability 5. observability, The continuity of innovation diffusion depends upon the continual ?Reinvention? or ?Redevelopment? of the innovation; how it evolves to meet the needs of more demanding risk-averse individuals. 2) The importance of peer-peer conversations and peer networks. Secondly adoption of innovation is uncertain and involves risk management in its early phases. Interpersonal marketing methods like advertising and media stories may spread information about new innovations, but it is ?peer to peer conversations? that cause them to be adopted. Early Adopters are exceptions in this rule are. They are confident, better up to date about the innovation and being financially secured perceive risk as low. Their Short term preferences might have disproportionate impact on the subsequent development of the innovation resulting abandonment of superior alternatives (Bessant Tidd (2005) p227)3 .Whereas the rest of the population perceive high risk in change and resist change.By trusted peers they can come to know the benefit of adopting innovations. Peer-peer communication leads to ?peer networks?. Peer-networks are becoming very popular and useful method in innovation diffusion by using influencers like opinion leaders and ?viral marketing?. 3) Understanding the needs of different user segments. Population can be divided into five segments according to their tendency to adopt specific innovation. Innovators: venturesome, cosmopolite, risk-taking, information seeking, with a higher financial status. ? Early Adopters: greatest degree of opinion leadership, respected by other members of social group. Strategies with a motivational emphasis may be most effective at getting them involved in the diffusion process. ? Early Majority: deliberate, adopt new ideas just before the average member of a system. ? Late Majority: skeptical, adopt new ideas just after the average member of a system. The pressure of peers is necessary to motivate adoption. Intervention strategies that help them to overcome barriers are needed to get them to take up the innovation. ? Laggards: traditional, last in a social system to adopt an innovation, pays little attention to the opinions of others. it is a systematic balance of the following to find out how much and to what extent, diffusion and adoption of an innovation Characteristics of innovation VS Characteristics of individuals or Organizational adopters VS Characteristics of Environment And Institution (Bessant Tidd 2007 p.342) 5 There are various barriers preventing the diffusion of innovation Economical barriers ? Personal cost vs social benefits, access to information, insufficient incentives Behavioral barriers ? Priories, Motivations, Rationality, Inertia, propensity for change or risks Organizational barriers Goals, Routines, Power and influence, culture and stakeholders Structural barriers ? Infrastructure, sunk cost, governance Financial / Business barrier Is the benefit worth the investment?, Who benefits?, Who pays?, Financial rewards Structural Barriers Structure of the health care system, Relationship between payers and providers, Nature of the marketplace ? multiple vendors, Lack of system and data interoperability, Regulations ?data privacy and confidentiality Cultural Barriers, language, religion, history, requires acceptance in a larger cultural norms and others Technological barriers: not demanding too much in the way of new skills Technical and Professional Barriers Lack of professional work force, Lack of strategic organizational process to develop commitment of all stakeholders TIPPING POINT The most fascinating term I found is the tipping point.. Small events can have a nuclear reaction effect resulting in early-adaptors to the diffusion of innovation. It has become a popular idea in encouraging diffusion once it is understood. Malcolm Gladwell, (2000)6 explains the tipping point as a phenomenon of social change as a result of a certain influential individual whom he called the ?mavens,? ?connectors,? and ?salesmen.? There are some similarities with Roger?s theory, for example, they both need the early adopter to help diffuse. Reference: 1) Robertson, Thomas S., U. California, Los Angeles Title: The Process Of Innovation And The Diffusion Of Innovation. Source: Journal of Marketing, 31(1), 1967. pp. 14-19. 2) Les Robinson Title A summary of Diffusion of Innovations Source: Article A summary of Diffusion of Innovations https://www.enablingchange.com.au/Summary_Diffusion_Theory.pdf 3) Bessant Tidd Source: Book: Managing innovation 3rd Edition 2005 4) Everett M. Rogers, Source: Diffusion of Innovations, Fifth Edition 2003, Free Press, New York, p221 5) Bessant Tidd Source: Book: Innovation and entrepreneurship 2007 6) Gladwell, M, Source: Book: The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, Little Brown and Company, 2000 Lecture 3 It was very interesting to find out that there is actual a method by which a person can have an approximation on, how much and to what extent, diffusion and adoption of an innovation. it is a systematic balance of the following: ( Characteristics of innovation VS Characteristics of individuals or Organizational adopters VS Characteristics of Environment And Institution) in otherwords innovation adoption and diffusion is effected by segmented Individuals perceptions of the characteristics of innovations, i.e.Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability, in a social and economical environment. Process of commercialization and diffusion also effects adoption of innovation. Talking the innovation search New Camera promises to capture your whole life, using the above methods, we have measured the business potential of this innovation and its diffusion expectation.Making me realizetheimportance of this diffusion process. Hence innovation is a necessarily chaotic and uncertain process in its early phases but short term preferences of early adopters might have disproportionate impact on the subsequent development of the innovation resulting abandonment of superior alternatives today never expected for the class to be so interesting.. there was bombordment of new innovation types going on in the world..there was no wiki search relating to position innovation. i was tired that day but i felt so fresh in the class. Understanding concepts and theories by applying them in real world in real-time was really refreshing. cant wait for the next class group name selection criteria The biscuit treat is a good idea but tutor should?ve mentioned that the group choosing the best group name will get those chocolate biscuits. I?m still thinking on what criteria the tutor decided that Octopus or octoplus or octuplaas is a best name. The tutor still didn?t get the Group name correct I think neither did anyone. The tutor should?ve asked every group the reason for choosing such a name. We choose our group name ?Lollipops? because our group are made up of people coming from different cultures, colors, languages, values and tastes ..just like lollipops comes from different flavours, styles, colors and tastes. And above all we found our group to be very sweet ?.. I really wanted those chocolate biscuits. The biscuit treat is a good idea but tutor should?ve mentioned that the group choosing the best group name will get those chocolate biscuits. I?m still thinking on what criteria the tutor decided that Octopus or octoplus or octuplaas is a best name. The tutor still didn?t get the Group name correct I think neither did anyone. The tutor should?ve asked every group the reason for choosing such a name. We choose our group name ?Lollipops? because our group are made up of people coming from different cultures, colors, languages, values and tastes ..just like lollipops comes from different flavours, styles, colors and tastes. And above all we found our group to be very sweet ?.. I really wanted those chocolate biscuits Lecture at 8th Oct. It was interesting to find out that the term ?innovation? has being going on since the stone ages in fact it made me realize that innovation is a basic human instinct which every human being are born with. I thought innovation is a concept that came into existence after the formation of civilization. Two tutors in one module delivering the lecture at the same time is interesting and this course sounds really valuable and important but the course structure is quite confusing. I am still trying figure out how this course will enhance the innovation knowledge or aspect because we got our 1st assignment to find OURSELVES some news relating to innovation not being more than 1 week old and I still don?t know entirely what innovation REALLY is and how to identify it. All I know so far is taking something already existed and improving it to do better. It must surely be something more than this. I should?ve read a 700 pages book regarding ?basics of innovation? before attending the first lecture